This article investigates the specifics of cognitive sphere functioning in individuals with pronounced autistic tendencies through the prism of the cognitive-style approach, which provides a more holistic view on the problem of cognitive activity organization in autism spectrum disorders than identified deficits consideration only. The results of the empirical study indicate the presence of direct links between the severity of various aspects of autistic manifestations and such poles of cognitive styles as field independence, cognitive control rigidity, reflexivity, concrete conceptualization and a narrow range of equivalence; questions about the relationship of autistic tendencies with tolerance for unrealistic experiences and belonging to either analyticity or holism pole require further clarification. Overall, the findings are consistent with the weak central coherence theory, suggesting that a fragmented cognitive “field” is inherent in individuals with pronounced autistic traits, accompanied by high rigidity, dichotomous thinking, a tendency to construct concrete mental representations, and context independence.

The article presents the results of psychometric properties analysis of the conformity scale by Mehrabian and Stelf (1995). To date, there are no scales in Russian that would allow assessing the degree of conformity. One of such scales is the Conformity Scale developed by Mehrabian and Stelf (1995). They define conformity as willingness to identify with others and emulate them, to give in to others to avoid conflict, and generally, to be a follower rather than a leader in terms of ideas, values, and behaviors. Our study include 287 subjects aged 18 to 55 years (72 men and 215 women). It was shown that the Russian version of the Mehrabian and Stelf Conformity Scale has convergent and discriminant validity, satisfactory internal consistency, but weak test-retest reliability. As a result of the analysis of the internal structure of the scale, it was shown that the one-factor model proposed by the authors of the scale demonstrates a good fit to the data. A two-factor model, in which direct and reversed items loaded on different factors, demonstrated excellent fit to the data. This result, however, may be due to the tendency of the direct and reverse items to load on different factors rather than to the nature of the construct of conformity. A comparison of men and women did not reveal any differences in conformity level, which indicates the universal nature of this phenomenon. Future directions of research may include analysis of other types of validity and be aimed at improving test-retest reliability.

The article is devoted to problems of studying the components of inner speech and their population diversity. Representation of visual images in the context of human thought activity is also considered. The sample, which included 694 respondents, shows a satisfactory level of psychometric characteristics of the Thought Stream Questionnaire developed by us. The results of the study indicate a wide individual variability of the studied components of inner speech (narratives and disputes, addressing to oneself, to an imagined interlocutor or to a representation of a familiar person, presence of answers from an inner interlocutor, intensification of different components of internal dialogues and monologues in stress) and frequency and brightness of internal visual images.

The article provides a psychological and pedagogical rationale for the formation of color perception among schoolchildren during fine arts lessons in a secondary school. The necessity of creating objective conditions for the formation of the foundations of color perception in the process of painting classes with primary, middle and high school students is substantiated. The article emphasizes the particular relevance of understanding the problem of children’s motivation in mastering color science, coloristic, characteristics and quality of color. Exercises and assignments, both theoretical in nature and practical solutions to the problems of developing color perception in students, are considered. The methodological recommendations presented in the article make it possible to ensure the effective formation of picturesque qualities in schoolchildren. Obviously, the problem posed in the article helps fine arts teachers solve the problem in the presented way.

The article raises the problem of developing spatial thinking among schoolchildren during technology lessons. The relevance is emphasized by the importance of introducing into the educational process methods and technologies of three-dimensional modeling that contribute to the active development of students’ spatial thinking. The development of spatial thinking is facilitated by various types and techniques of working with various materials and information technologies. Modeling, modeling, design, three-dimensional compositions from various artistic materials, used in technology lessons in secondary schools contribute to a more effective formation of spatial thinking and imagination. The problem posed in the article solves an important strategic problem in the educational process.

The work is devoted to the study of the relationship between the level of development of abilities to cognition, emotion management and the characteristics of subjective perception of events. The study involved 80 people (46 women and 34 men). To collect empirical material the following were used: Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES), Differential Attribution Questionnaire, Success and Failure Attributional Style Questionnaire 10 (SFASQ-10), Four Factor Test of Social Intelligence, Emotional Intelligence Test. Correlation analysis was used to process the data. A significant positive relationship was found between optimistic attributional style and some aspects of emotional intelligence, while the expected relationships with social intelligence were not found.

The article discusses the features of using schema therapy in the treatment of depressive disorders. Schema therapy is one of the approaches of the “third wave” of cognitive-behavioral therapy, demonstrating significant effectiveness in treating chronic affective disorders, including depression. A systematic review of the literature allows us to highlight the theoretical foundations of schema therapy, including concepts such as early maladaptive schemas and modes, as well as methods for working with them in order to reduce symptoms of depression. The article synthesizes data on the efficacy of schema therapy in reducing depressive symptoms, improving emotional regulation, and increasing resilience in people suffering from depression. Potential advantages and limitations of this approach are also discussed. In conclusion, the paper outlines the practical aspects of using schema therapy, suitable patient categories, and prospects for future research to improve its effectiveness and adaptability in clinical practice.