This article investigates the relation of the evaluation of the instrumental utility of moral dilemmas to decision outcomes. The results indicate that nuances of dilemma perception assessed in the study (perceived realism of dilemmas, their plausibility, reflection of real behavior and an assessment of the extent to which responses to moral dilemmas can be used to judge moral maturity, empathy, level of intelligence and sense of humor) are not significantly related to objective behavior, as expressed in the number of consequentialist responses. Instruction about the nature of the study, however, may influence the moral choices made. Participants who were informed by instruction that their personality could be judged by their responses to moral dilemmas gave more deontological responses than others. An explanation is proposed that such instruction acts as a factor that provokes the adoption of the role of the apprehensive participant and, as a consequence, socially desirable behavior. This aspect highlights the importance of considering contextual factors in the study of moral behavior. It is suggested that moral dilemmas should not be viewed through the lens of ecological validity but rather as a tool that allows for a high level of experimental control, facilitating a more indepth study of behavior under specific stimulus conditions

This paper examined the features of the relationship between several causal explanations differentiated by the personalization effect: opportunity, reinforcement, influence of others, and chance circumstances. Two groups of subjects took part in the event, 244 and 270 people each, respectively. The subjects were asked to fill out a specially designed differential questionnaire and the attributional style and USK questionnaires. In the questionnaire, test takers had to evaluate a list of reasons about the measurements: constancy and globality. To study the structure of connections, the Principal component method and correlation analysis are used. It has been established that all the analyzed causes of negative events are combined into one factor, and the attribution of events into two: a group of internal causes (abilities and efforts) and a group of external consequences (others and accidents). There were also significant correlations between assessments of globality and stability, both internal and external attributions, with optimism. The results indicate the mixed role of externalities for optimism and pessimism.

The features of self-regulation of behavior and emotion management in the structure of emotional intelligence in 18‑22 year old young people with high anxiety (17 respondents) compared to young people with moderate social anxiety (18 respondents) were investigated. Respondents with high social anxiety have less flexibility in self-regulation of behavior and ability to manage emotions, but more programming of behavior. They do not note a decrease in understanding their own and other people’s emotions, which may indicate a connection of social anxiety with deficit in ability to trim behavior under specific conditions and decrease in adaptive strategies for regulating their own and other people’s affective states, or even an increase in attention to them, but not with reduced ability to understand the emotional component of communication

The article presents the results of a study of the connection between alexithymia and sensitivity to beauty among students of the department «Psychology» of the Institute of Medicine and Psychology V. Zelman of Novosibirsk State University and students of the department «Mechatronics and Robotics. Artificial Intelligence» of the Institute of Intelligent Robotics of Novosibirsk State University. The sample consisted of 74 subjects aged from 17 to 33 years (30 men and 44 women). The subjects were equally distributed in the areas: 37 people were bachelors in the department of «Psychology» and 37 people were bachelors in the department of «Mechatronics and Robotics. Artificial intelligence». The study used the Toronto Alexithymic Scale TAS-26 and the Engagement with Beauty Scale. A negative relationship was confirmed between the level of alexithymia and the level of sensitivity to the beauty of ideas. Additionally, results were obtained related to the differences between students of the department «Psychology» and students of the department «Mechatronics and Robotics. Artificial intelligence». Psychology students are more susceptible to the inner beauty of a person than programming students and, accordingly, they have a greater level of general sensitivity to beauty. Also, as additional confirmation, the results obtained in a previous study about the difference between men and women in the level of receptivity to the beauty of nature were confirmed: women are more receptive to the beauty of nature than men [Nosova, 2022].

This article presents an analysis of Eugene V. Farber’s2 speech at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association in 2017. The social and psychological aspects of the HIV epidemic problem, contributing to the development of psychological science and practice, are discussed. The role of HIV-infection in the development of psychological science and practice. Among these problems are stigmatization, doctor-patient relationship, mental disorders, and behavioral changes arising in HIV-infected individuals. Humanization and contextualization of clinical counseling, transformation of medical services taking into account cultural diversity and the implementation of a patient-centered approach in the clinical environment are mentioned to be the key trends in working with HIV-infected individuals